How current and future urban patterns respond to urban planning? An integrated cellular automata modeling approach

While many publications predict future urban scenarios, few have deliberated the impact of issued urban planning on scenario prediction. We propose a planning-constrained model (named PCGA-CA) that integrates cellular automata (CA) and genetic algorithm (GA) to simulate current and future urban patterns under the spatial constraints of urban planning. The planning regulations include three types: fully allowed area (FAA), partially allowed area (PAA), and strictly prohibited area (SPA), where we propose a planning implementation parameter (PIP) to represent the stringency in PAA. Under different PIPs, we apply the PCGA-CA model to simulate the 2015 urban patterns and predict the 2030 and 2045 scenarios for Ningbo city, China. The results show that the regulations substantially affect the simulation accuracy and urban pattern. As the planning regulations become less stringent, the accuracy decreases from 90.3% to 89.4% and the urban pattern becomes less compact. In particular, the urban pattern is the most compact when the regulations are not imposed. The PCGA-CA predicts the quantity and location of illegal urban development, and identifies spatially varying urban growth across planning regulations. For the same year, the urban patterns with different PIPs illustrate substantial differences in landscape metrics. The simulations of the current urban pattern should help urban planners and local authorities assess past implementations of urban planning, while the scenario predictions can offer a view of the future by evaluating the consequences of different planning regulations.     

Modeling surface water-groundwater interaction in arid and semi-arid regions with intensive agriculture

In semi-arid and arid areas with intensive agriculture, surface water-groundwater (SW-GW) interaction and agricultural water use are two critical and closely interrelated hydrological processes. However, the impact of agricultural water use on the hydrologic cycle has been rarely explored by integrated SW-GW modeling, especially in large basins. This study coupled the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), which is able to simulate highly engineered flow systems, with the Coupled Ground-Water and Surface-Water Flow Model (GSFLOW). The new model was applied to study the hydrologic cycle of the Zhangye Basin, northwest China, a typical arid to semi-arid area with significant irrigation. After the successful calibration, the model produced a holistic view of the hydrological cycle impact by the agricultural water use, and generated insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of the SW-GW interaction in the study area. Different water resources management scenarios were also evaluated via the modeling. The results showed that if the irrigation demand continuous to increase, the current management strategy would lead to acceleration of the groundwater depletion, and therefore introduce ecological problems to this basin. Overall, this study demonstrated the applicability of the new model and its value to the water resources management in arid and semi-arid areas.     

Characterisation of coarse composite sphalerite particles with respect to flotation

The flotation response of a typical zinc-lead (Zn/Pb) ore, with respect to coarse composite (sulphide/non-sulphide) particles is reported. The flotation tests were carried out on a selected feed particle size range (−600 + 75 μm, at P₈₀ of 390 μm) and the recovery of Zn composite particles analysed on a size by size basis. The best results were achieved with the use of 75 g/t sodium isopropyl xanthate (SIPX), obtaining a Zn recovery of 77%, with a significant improvement at the coarse end of the particle size distribution. Computerised scanning electron microscope (QEMSCAN) was used to characterise value mineral grain size and degree of liberation, as well as gangue and sphalerite association in particles reporting to both concentrate and tailings. A new characterisation function (Locking ratio, LR) was developed based on the data from the automated mineralogical analysis to characterise particles into two-phase composites with different degree of locking texture (simple and complex). The function, which is based on the mode of occurrence of sphalerite, grain size, proportion and composition of the constituent minerals in each particle, was used to study the flotation response of the particles with different degrees of locking. The results highlight the difference in recoverability of the sphalerite bearing particles with different degrees of locking, with simple locking texture giving higher recovery than complex locking texture, for the same overall liberation.     

地质统计学在北衙金矿的应用

简述了地质统计学的由来及使用原理,建立了北衙金矿万硐山矿段地质数据库,模拟了金元素变异函数,建立了矿段的三维模型和品位模型,用克立格法估算了储量,并进行了地质解译,探讨了基于该模型之上的实际应用。     

北衙金矿数字化、商业化快速经济评价

采用Delphi编程语言和access数据库研发了矿产资源快速评价软件。首先进行矿床三维建模，在数字矿床基础上，对建设项目可行性评价进行了研究，内容涵盖了项目财务静态、动态评价;国民经济评价;不确定性分析，对类似矿山具有一定的示范意义。     

攀枝花钛磁铁矿磁链模型在受力分析中的应用

计算了钛磁铁矿粒在磁场中形成磁链所需要的时间，得出钛磁铁矿的磁选回收本质上是磁链的磁选回收。通过详细分析磁链在磁场中的受力，得出适合于由强磁性物料形成磁链的磁选回收计算的通用公式，丰富了磁团聚理论。     

氧化铜矿浮选方法研究

从浮选捕收剂及硫化机理两个方面综合论述了氧化铜矿的直接浮选法和硫化浮选法的研究现状及进展,并指出了氧化铜矿浮选研究方向.     

某矿山冒顶片帮事故的事故树分析

运用事故树分析法，对引发冒项片帮事故的各种因素进行了定性分析，并提出了相应的预防措施。     

Segmentation of buried concrete pipe images

The enormity of the problem of deteriorating pipeline infrastructure is widely apparent. Since a complete rebuilding of the piping system is not financially realistic, municipal and utility operators require the ability to monitor the condition of buried pipes. Thus, reliable pipeline assessment and management tools are necessary to develop long term cost effective maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation programs. In this paper a simple, robust and efficient image segmentation algorithm for the automated analysis of scanned underground pipe images is presented. The algorithm consists of image pre-processing followed by a sequence of morphological operations to accurately segment pipe cracks, holes, joints, laterals, and collapsed surfaces, a crucial step in the classification of defects in underground pipes. The proposed approach can be completely automated and has been tested on five hundred scanned images of buried concrete sewer pipes from major cities in North America.     

兰坪铅锌矿北厂矿段三维数学模型的构建及应用

通过对兰坪铅锌矿的北厂矿段各类数据进行分析研究,运用地质统计学原理,采用自行编制的矿山数字化信息系统软件包,完成了原始资料数据库建立、样品统计分析、岩性模型建立、变异函数构造,以及品位模型建立等研究内容,最后在矿床数学模型的基础上,建立了矿体的三维立体空间模型。实现了矿山三维可视化和生产的动态管理,对指导资源优化合理开发起到了重要作用。